About Manila

Manila, officially known as the City of Manila, stands as the capital and second-most populous city in the Philippines. Nestled on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on Luzon Island, it is designated as a highly urbanized city, earning the title of the world’s most densely populated city proper as of 2019. Its historical significance is evident as the first chartered city in the Philippines, granted by the Philippine Commission Act No. 183 in 1901. Achieving autonomy through Republic Act No. 409 in 1949, Manila is integral to the world’s original set of global cities due to its pioneering commercial networks that connected Asia with the Spanish Americas via the galleon trade.

Dating back to 1258, the fortified Tagalog polity of Maynila occupied the site where modern Manila now stands. Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi, following the Battle of Bangkusay in 1571, initiated the construction of the walled fortification Intramuros on the remnants of the indigenous settlement, leading to the establishment of the Spanish East Indies’ capital.

Contemporary usage often refers to “Manila” encompassing the entire metropolitan area, including Quezon City and the Makati Central Business District. Metro Manila, officially recognized as the capital region, is not only the most populous in the Philippines but also ranks among the world’s most densely populated urban areas. With a population of 1,846,513 in the city proper as of 2020, Manila remains the historic core of a sprawling urban agglomeration. Despite being exposed to natural disasters, Manila is recognized as an “Alpha-” global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, ranking seventh globally and second regionally in economic performance. Additionally, Manila is listed as the world’s second-most natural disaster-exposed city, balancing its vulnerability with rapid development in Southeast Asia.

Landmarks

• Intramuros: A historic walled area built during the Spanish colonial period.
• Rizal Park (Luneta Park): A significant historical and cultural park honoring the national hero, Jose Rizal.
• San Agustin Church: A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest churches in the Philippines.
• Manila Cathedral: An iconic church known for its Spanish colonial architecture.
• Fort Santiago: A citadel located within the historic walled area of Intramuros.
• National Museum of the Philippines: Showcases significant artifacts and artworks representing Filipino culture and history.
• Malacañang Palace: The official residence and workplace of the President of the Philippines.
• Manila Ocean Park: An oceanarium offering various marine life exhibits and attractions.
• SM Mall of Asia: One of the largest malls in the Philippines, situated by Manila Bay.
• Bonifacio Monument: A memorial monument dedicated to Filipino revolutionary hero, Andres Bonifacio.